Wedge clam (Donax trunculus Linnaeus, 1758) reproduction: reproductive traits and environmental influence in the NW Iberian coast and contrast across Atlantic and Mediterranean waters

Production of wedge clam (Donax trunculus) has experienced a widespread decrease. Environmental conditions have been postulated as an important agent though the effects on reproduction are poorly understood. We here review reproductive cycle and evaluate influence environmental in Galicia (NW Iberian coast). further contrast variability traits across distribution range. Reproductive individuals dominate size classes between 20 30 mm, spawning spans from April to July with subsequent inactive period September onwards. Length at first maturity (L50) was established 19 mm. Oocyte unrelated shell or gonad occupancy, realized fecundity averaged 8 × 105 eggs per female. had significant gonadosomatic index flesh yield which were lower less productive waters. Furthermore, interannual proportion fully mature during maximized high low levels coastal upwelling continental runoff, respectively. Across range, water temperature chlorophyll concentration defined geographical differences L50 longer occurring warmer waters central month taking place earlier year more